Advertisement Analysis Year 10 Vis Com - 1149 Words

Year 10: Visual Communication and design Advertisement Analysis This advertisement is aimed for women aged 18 to 85 as it is would attract a wide-ranging audience. As this cheesecake is premade it would show much convenience to a busy housewife or those who want a quick and easy dessert. The target audience of this advertisement are most likely low-mid income earners as the product is sensibly priced. It is suggested that the audience would probably live in suburban and city are as it would wildly be available in that supermarkets and for those who have no time to cook and want a premade delicious meal. This would also appeal to those who do not know how to cook and want a quick pre made dessert, which can be heat in an oven/microwave.†¦show more content†¦Hierarchy creates a path for the eye to follow ordering the information in importance. The ground of this composition is a blurred creamy yellow photograph of a cheesecake that gradually fades to white. It is neutral and calm which heightens the figure in the middle, the cheesecake, instead of producing distractions. The figure is much more detailed which ensures that the audience’s attention is not distracted. The figure is far more superior than the ground as it is used to give awareness to the type of merchandise the business sells. Contrast is used as we can see that the creamy yellow and white contrasts with the red, such as the white ground and the red letterform. The use of red creates a feel of luxury and represents the flavour of the cheesecake and is also quite visible to the audience. The strawberry jam is noticeable against the white, thick cream cheese. This causes a contrast which catches the audience’s eyes. The textures on the cheesecake also contrast with the crumbly surface of the biscuit base and the thick smooth cream cheese. This attracts visual attention and help the audience imagine the taste of the cheesecake. Contrast is cleverly used in order to direct the audience’s attention to specific parts of the composition and also to create a dramatic composition, grabbing the audience’s attention. Contrast reinforces the use of red and white contrast of the Sara Lee logo. In conclusion this advert is veryShow MoreRelatedNaval Historical Archives Of Portugal Essay2124 Words   |  9 PagesHistorical Archives in Portugal (Biblioteca Central da Marinha Arquivo Histà ³rico, Lisboa) and received a mail dated 25/05/2016 from Ms. Isabel Beato, the librarian. She generously provided a transcript from purchase documents dated 08/05/1869 (Fundo/Nà ºcleo 10 – Departamento Marà ­timo do Centro e Capitania do Porto de Lisboa, n º 1078), which basically state the following: ... O vendedor foi George Mitchell, Capità £o da Galera Americana denominada ‘North American’, de Nova York, a compradora foi D. 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Doedicurus The Giant Prehistoric Armadillo

Doedicurus was an enormous ancestor of the modern armadillo which wandered the pampas and savannas of South America during the Pleistocene epoch. It disappeared from the fossil record about 10,000 years ago along with many other large Ice Age animals. While climate change made have played a factor in its extinction, its likely that human hunters, too, helped precipitate its demise. Doedicurus Overview Name: Doedicurus (Greek for pestle tail); pronounced DAY-dih-CURE-us Habitat: Swamps of South America Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: About 13 feet long and one ton Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large, thick shell; long tail with club and spikes on end About Doedicurus Doedicurus was a member of the Glyptodont family, a megafauna mammal  of the Pleistocene epoch.  It lived at the same time and in the same place as many other enormous Ice Age mammals and birds, including giant ground sloths, saber-toothed cats, and huge flightless carnivorous birds sometimes nicknamed terror birds. While most glyptodonts towering, flightless, carnivorous â€Å"terror birds.† For a relatively brief period, it also shared its habitat with early human beings. Most glyptodonts have been found in South America, but some fossilized remains have been found in the southern United States, from Arizona through the Carolinas. This slow-moving vegetarian was about the size of a small car, was covered by a large, domed, armored shell with an additional smaller dome in front. It also possessed a clubbed, spiked tail similar to those of the ankylosaur and stegosaur dinosaurs that preceded it by tens of millions of years. Researchers suggest that the spiked tails may have been used to attack other males when competing for the attention of females. Some experts believe Doedicurus also had a short, prehensile snout, similar to an elephants trunk, but solid evidence for this is lacking. The carapace (hard upper shell) was anchored to the animals pelvis, but it was not connected to the shoulder. Some paleontologists hypothesize that the smaller front dome may have played a similar role to a camels hump, storing fat for the dry season. It may also have helped protect the animal from predators. DNA Evidence Shows a Connection to Modern Armadillos All Glyptodont species are part of a mammal group called Xenarthra. This group includes a number of modern species including tree sloths and anteaters, as well as several extinct species such as Pampatheres (similar to armadillos) and ground sloths. Until recently, however, the exact relationship between Doedicurus and other members of the Xenarthra group was unclear. Recently, scientists were able to extract fragments of DNA from the fossilized carapace of a 12,000-year-old Doedicurus discovered in South America. Their intent was to establish once and for all the place of Doedicurus and its fellow glyptodonts on the armadillo family tree. Their conclusion: Glyptodonts were, in fact, a distinct Pleistocene sub-family of armadillos, and the closest living relative of these thousand-pound behemoths is the Dwarf Pink Fairy Armadillo of Argentina, which only measures a few inches across. Researchers believe that Glyptodonts and their modern cousins evolved from the same 35 million-year-old common ancestor, a creature that weighed only about 13 pounds. The huge Glyptodonts split off as a group very quickly, while the modern armadillo did not appear until about 30 million years later. According to one theory, the Doedicuruss unarticulated back was an important factor in its extraordinary growth.

Steroid Use in Baseball a Social Injustice - 1823 Words

Steroid Use in Baseball: A Social Injustice? In the year of 1998 the sport of baseball ruled the landscape of the sports world as people all over the country were watching Mark Mcgwire and Sammy Sosa race towards the single-season home run record. Major League Baseball, the ruling body of professional baseball in the United States, was all too thrilled with their newfound popularity and growing revenues. The game of baseball had long been considered â€Å"the† American pastime, but entering the 98’ season the league was still searching for ways to reopen the enthusiasm, and wallets, of baseball fans that had lost interest in the sport, largely due to the strike-shortened campaign in 1994. The home run race between McGwire and Sosa that took†¦show more content†¦The steroid scandal would ultimately culminate with a Congressional investigation into baseball which produced the most comprehensive document on the subject known as â€Å"The Mitchell Report.† This document is a written report to Commissio ner Bud Selig summarizing the widespread use of steroids and performance enhancing drugs that had run rampant through baseball, with players from every team being found to have had some experience with performance enhancing drugs. The 2007 federal report also accuses Major League Baseball of sacrificing the issue of drug testing during collective bargaining junctions with the player’s union in the interest of economics (Mitchell). Steroid use in baseball must be considered a social injustice for several reasons. As previously stated, until recently baseball was considered â€Å"the† American pastime. Major League Baseball maintains an audience of tens of millions Americans, many children, making it a social issue. Additionally, if justice is defined as the principle of social order that defines everything each person is due, then the violation of a fair and equal workplace is clearly evident here. Other perspectives through which one can examine this issue are the ethics of steroid use in competition, or possibly the seemingly conscienceless lies told by the players and others, in court and out. Furthermore aspects of this issue that one might

Assignment 1 Preliminary Product Screening Report Free Essays

PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SCREENING REPORT: OPAL JEWELRY 16/08/2012 Assignment one. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Gems and jewelry play a significant role in Australian customs and traditions, making this sector integral to the economy and one of the fastest growing industries in the country. Precious opal ranks with diamond, as one of the most valuable of gemstones. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment 1: Preliminary Product Screening Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Opal jewelry can have a big variation on their values, opals materials to make those jewelries can start at AUD$1. 00 per carat and go to AUD$20,000. 00 per carat. Apart from Australia and Slovakia the only other countries with a significant production of opal jewelry have been Mexico and Brazil. Australian opal jewelry can be a sound long-term investment, with value appreciation climbing yearly. Weakness: Australia does not invest in overseas marketing for jewelry, if the country started investing on that, opportunities would came, building up the opal market overseas Australians have the opals as old-fashioned jewelry; they should be re-educated about that. Compliance: Intellectual property (IP) is an essential tool to protect your ideas and the work you generate as a designer in the fashion industry. It’s also one of the essential building blocks of Australia’s economy, because it helps foster creativity and reward innovation. TABLE OF CONTENTS: Executive summary: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page: 2 Introduction: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page: 4 Research Findings: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page: 5 Analysis and Conclusions: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page: 12 Opal types: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page: 13 INTRODUCTION: Since the last century, Australia has been the prime producer of gem opal in the world. Now a day, Australia exports over 90 per cent of natural opal, making a significant contribu tion to Australia’s economy. The infinite variety of color and pattern makes opal a very special stone. Opal is unique in that the stone changes color when it is rocked back and forth or when it moves on the neck so mounting it in Australian opal jewelry displays the rock in the very best setting. The task for this assignment 1 in certificate IV international trade was to undertake preliminary screening of an Australian product. The task was to choose and research an Australian product made in Australia from mostly Australian resources that we wish to market internationally. Once the product was selected we were then asked to perform a research using primary and secondary resources for our research. To be Included in this research are vital pieces of information such as price, product, promotion and place, consumers of the product, competitors in the industry and the product cycle of our product. Through this preliminary research we will be able to gain an idea of whether or not exporting our chosen product will be a successful venture or whether there will be risks involved. The Australian product I have chosen is Opal Jewelry. RESEARCH FINDINGS: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: There are more then 19 mines situated all over Australia. New south Wales, for example, is famous for your black opals. This state has the largest proportion of Australian Opals in term of value. There we can find two mines: Lightning Ridge and White Cliffs. Queensland produces Boulder Opal, which is a unique type of opal and is found attached to a host rock, ironstone. Only Queensland have the Boulder opal, and is found in deposits in weathered  sedimentary Cretaceous rocks in the west of the state. This state have four mines, which are: Quilpe, Winton, Opalton and Yoah. South Australia has four active opal mining fields, Andamooka, Coober Pedy, Lambina and Mintabie. South Australia is largest producer of opal in terms of volume, and produces the white opal, crystal opal or ‘milky’ type of opal. Source: http://www. costellos. com. au/opals/types. html This research is based in a business operated in Queensland, having as a main product Boulder opal. Although, the company also sells all types of opals jewelry, rings, pendants, earrings, beads, and watches. (BUSINESS LOGO. ) Source: http://www. opalsdownunder. com. au/ Images source: http://www. opalsdownunder. com. au/opal-pendants/ COSTUMERS DETAILS: The opal jewelry Is displayed in the full gamut of jewelry settings: rings, earrings, pendants, brooches, bracelets, studs, cufflinks and other type of jewelry to suit every occasion and budget. You can even have custom-made opal jewelry for your engagement ring or for any other appropriate gift-giving occasion. Or maybe you just want to spoil yourself. As the price of the jewelry made with opals varies greatly, consumers may also vary according to the price of the product. There are jewelries made of opal, which are for tourists, with a lower cost. Others, such as black opal, which has great value, are for higher-class consumers, who admire and do not save money to buy a good jewelry. Source: â€Å"Laszlo’s opal and jewelry†, 2001-2010, viewed 10 august 2012, http://www. opal-jewelry. com/about. htm RETAIL INFORMATION: Opals are very common Jewelry in Australia. The ones made for tourists are usually sold in local markets, with a lower cost. But, we also find Opals in famous jewelry stores with a higher value. Web sites such as e-bay, or even jewelry websites made just to sell them. There are a huge variety of them, offering all forms of payment. On this company, for example the website shows some of the most important currencies that may be interested to buy their products. All the prices are showed in Australian dollars, with their currency conversion below the pictures to make it easier for the costumers to think how much does the jewelry costs in their own country. At the moment the product is only sold domestically within Australia in their store, Situated on the Bruce Highway on sunshine coast. Also, this product it is predominantly sold online at its website http://www. opalsdownunder. com. au, here the customers can browse through the available products on offer and place an online order. Once they have chosen, they can then add the product to their online cart and proceed to pay. The payment method is Credit Card or Debit MasterCard/ Visas, there is also the option to pay by PayPal. On this company, for example, the website shows some of the most important currencies that may be interested to buy their products. All the prices are showed in Australian dollars, with their currency conversion below the pictures to make it easier for the costumers to think how much does the jewelry costs in their own country, followed by the payment methods. Source: https://www. opalsdownunder. com. au/cart PRICE DETAILS: The color, size and type of precious opal are factors that determine the price paid for the gemstone. Usually the price is based on the quality of the opal and expressed per carat. Furthermore, there is a marked difference between the value of uncut opal compared with the value of cut and polished opal. Like anything, marketing has a great impact on determining the value of a product. Opals are as unique and individual as the people who buy them. And a personal taste and preference can also affect the price this product. Another issue is that the different colors and patterns can appeal to different markets. Although, you can have material that can start at AUD$1. 00 per carat and go to AUD$20, 000. 00 per carat. One big influence when we talk about Opal values is the Opal tone: it refers to the background or the ‘underlying color’ of the opal, which ranges from black through dark to light. Generally opals with a black or dark body tone are more valuable than those with a white, light, or crystal body tone, because a stone with a darker body tone tends to display colors more vibrantly. Black opals are the most prized opal and may realize prices over AUD $15,000 a carat. Opal Jewelry can also vary between the products, one simple opal pendent for example, starts with AUD 136, 00, but an opal ring costs around AUD 230. 00. As was mentioned before, we can also find in the market more affordable opal jewelry, but usually, they are not made with gold, or silver or valuable materials. SOURCE: http://www. opalsdownunder. com. au COMPETITORS: Apart from Australia and Slovakia the only other countries with a significant production of opal jewelry have been Mexico and Brazil. There are a few other countries, which have small occurrences of precious opal, usually from volcanic rocks, but these have met with little commercial success. Another very valuable stone and well regarded by consumers, the diamond, is also seen as a competitor. Although, diamonds do not have the range of prices and types of productions that have opals. A top quality black opal can influence in the price, giving a higher price per carat than a good, clear one-carat diamond. Very different to to the diamond industry, there is no monopoly in the world marketing of opal and true market forces of supply and demand determine price. Another difference is that, opals have a wide range of values, which can satisfy a greater number of consumers, becoming a popular stone. And that do not happen with Diamonds. Apart of those countries, and the diamond, other mines in Australia are the biggest competitor that Opals Down Under have. With the websites facilities, the mines also sells the product for another countries, or domestically, for Australians. SOURCE: â€Å"Mining and Gems Global Industry†, 2008, viewed 10 august 2012, ;http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=c49106d4-941d-433b-9f22-8f7280b7d19b%40sessionmgr104;vid=14;hid=125; PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE: Australian opal can be a sound long-term investment, with value appreciation climbing yearly. Australian fields are slowly running down, so the values on quality gems will regularly increase year by year. For the overseas investor, it is easier to buy at the source of supply and save money. â€Å"COOBER Pedy’s colourful opal mining industry is falling victim to the state’s mining boom†. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER], viewed in 10 august 2012, ;http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3;hid=125;sid=bd0f4262-c765-4e52-b405-3b86c70d60ac%40sessionmgr112;bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWNvb2tpZSxpcCx1cmwsY3BpZCZjdXN0aWQ9czEyNDE5NzEmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl#db=anh;AN=201206091017391615; PROMOTION: Nationally, this company uses newspaper, magazines and sales to promote their sales. But also, a way that they use to promote is from Internet. Their website is a good way to promote their products and their store, but to promote their websites, coupons are also showed in on-line magazines, giving the costumers discounts of this product, and giving the costumers an opportunity to have a look on their websites: source: http://saltmagazine. com. au/articles/web-exclusives/pepper-march-spa-restaurants-events. aspx WEAKNESS OF THE PRODUCT: Even with so many good things to talk about the market for jewelry opals, we also have to look at his weak side. One way Australian opal could further its reach would be through aggressive strategies of marketing. Australia spends almost to nothing with the promotion of opal overseas or even with in his own country. For example, last year, a South African diamond mining company called De Beers, spent around AUS$150million in Japan marketing diamond engagement rings, as opposed to Australia which, in the same year, spent AUD$100,000. 00 in all the promotion of opal overseas. Australia could make more marketing campaigns about opals, and that would increase the demand. Another weaknesses of the market is that, according to opal retailer Con Retsas, if we educate Australians about opal that could be the first step towards telling the world about the gem and build up its global reach. He said that â€Å"Many Australians perceive opal jewelry as old fashioned, something that Grandma wore. † But if you compare an opal to a diamond, even a lower grade opal can be really interesting and beautiful to look at as opposed to a poor diamond, which is nothing flash or colorful as the opals. Source: â€Å"The Gemmological Association of Australia (GAA)†, C 2012, viewed 10 August 2012, ;www. gem. rg. au ;. COMPLIANCE WITH THE LAW: About IP Australia: IP Australia is the Australian Government agency responsible for administering patent, design, trademark and plant breeder’s rights. By granting these rights, and contributing to the improvement of Australian and international IP systems, IP Australia is supporting Australia’s economic de velopment. Intellectual property (IP) is an essential tool to protect your ideas and the work you generate as a designer in the fashion industry. It’s also one of the essential building blocks of Australia’s economy, because it helps foster creativity and reward innovation. Australia’s IP laws provide a legal framework to protect your innovative and creative ideas and designs. Legally enforceable IP rights encourage technological innovation and artistic expression in industries, such as fashion and design, and help to build and expand businesses, create new jobs and stimulate the sector both in Australia and overseas. Source: http://www. ipfashionrules. gov. au/ Conclusion: Today, the Australian opal jewelry industry is made up of a large number of individual companies generally working their own claims. A single opal field is explored and developed by several hundred individual miners, making the jewelry market develop, and have a huge quantity of competitors. Historically, the continued development of the industry has relied upon chance discovery. Other than putting more funds into marketing Australian opal jewelry, I believe that display stores around the world, representing Australian opal jewelry as a product rather than individual jewelry businesses would be a start in the global promotion of Australian opal jewelry. With this promotion nice quality of jewelry as artistic designed pieces, could make the market reach the status it deserves. This industry is young, and Australia has much to do in order to promote the jewelry industry to its biggest potential. Yet, with industry perseverance, opal jewelry will be soon recognized by the world, for the art it is. Opal jewelry is a great gift, or souvenir that represents Australia, making this industry have a large number of types of consumers. To conclude, In my opinion, Australia has reached his national target with the opal jewelry market, and now is ready to export this amazing art and show the world not just the beauty of the rings, watches, pendants, but a little bit of his culture as well. Australian opals jewelry has the best quality, design and also the biggest resources making opals jewelry an easier market to export. Type of opals: Boulder opal is also classified as solid opal. It is a variety of precious opal that has the host rock forming naturally as part of the gem. This type of opal is often cut with the ironstone left on the back, as the opal often just a thin vein of precious opal is present. The opal forms within the cavities of the boulders in both vertical and horizontal cracks. Boulder opal can be found in many different shapes and sizes, from as small as a pea, to as big as a family car which can also be black or light depending on the appearance of the stone when viewed from the surface. Black/Dark Opal Black Opal is easily distinguished by the blackness of the background â€Å"body tone† or body color, which shows a play of color within or on a black/dark body tone, when viewed from the face up. The term ‘black opal’ does not mean that the stone is completely black, some of them have a light crystal color bar, giving the otherwise light opal a dark appearance. Even expensive black/dark opals may have only a very thin color bar. Light/Crystal Opal Crystal Opal has a transparent, translucent, or semi-translucent body, which is also referred to as the â€Å"diaphaneity† of a stone. Crystal opals can display any color of the spectrum in a beautiful play of color because they are cut with a high cabochon. The translucence of a crystal opal often gives it clarity and vibrancy of color and may be transparent through to nearly opaque, although it usually has a light body tone or white body color. Source: â€Å"King opal†, 2009, viewed 10 august 2012, ;http://www. kingopal. com. au/types-of-opal. php; How to cite Assignment 1: Preliminary Product Screening Report, Essay examples

Case Report on Anterograde Amnesia

Question: Write about the Case Report on Anterograde Amnesia. Answer: Patients Background Jeremy Cust, a 27 years old male patient is an averagely intelligent person. He was an athlete and was a Law student at Cambridge University. He lives alone. He was found to have anterograde amnesia many years ago when he has collapsed in his professors office during the teaching session. He was in unconscious state with sudden seizure episodes and spillage of blood everywhere. MRI scan has showed that there was a severe damage in the pathway of the hippocampus. He has developed anterograde amnesia because of an accident and is unable to develop newer memories after that incident. This condition has made him to micro-tape or writes down in a journal to recall moments. Because of his amnesia, he is unable to continue his Law profession and is greatly supported by his mother. Description of Impairment Neurologic-Examination Jeremy has anterograde amnesia after a head injury that has damaged the pathway of hippocampus (Mastin, 2010). His GCS at the time of post-accident was 7/15 and currently it is 15. His physical examination was completely normal and had no other abnormalities. The cranial nerves, motor with sensory neurological-examination was normal. Jeremy was friendly, highly cooperative and affable with upset speech. Jeremy has good insight about his memory loss. He has severe anterograde amnesia with memory impairment and is unable to remember what he eats daily and doesnt recognize the contacts in phone, faces, names as well as places (Michael, 2005). He forgets what the therapist teaches him and has to record everything to recall. If not, he will repeat same questions several times (Mastin, 2010). His episodic memory is affected whereas semantic memory is almost intact. Cognitive-Assessment Jeremy is unable to form newer memories from the point that is presented and is unable to recall recently formed memories because of the inability to move information into longer-term memory (Squire, 2011, Sherer, 2014). His declarative memory (recollecting) has impaired but procedural memory (learning skills) remains intact (Mastin, 2010). Jeremy is able to remember how to do tasks as preparing meals but doesnt remember what he has eaten last day. He is unable to add recent memories into his past and so his life has changed dramatically. His impairment has made him to change his career from lawyer to furniture craftsmen. Jeremy is oriented to time, place and person. He remembers his friends but forgets what he speaks to them unless recorded. He speaks clearly, freely and fluently. He is able to recognize the persons touch. He is attentive to his therapists but forgets all the recent information if not recorded (Squire, 2011). Digital span tests showed that he can make forward span b ut delayed reverse span. Personality-Assessment His amnesia has not changed his personality from him as well as his sense of self. He is depressed and frustrated because of traumatic incident that has made him to change his profession. Assessment MRI-scan shows that there was a severe damage in the pathway of the hippocampus. Neuropsychological examination shows that his Galveston-orientation with amnesia testwas 80/100 indicating normalcy. He doesnt remember the time, mode of admission and transport and events after injury. He remembers his town but not his building. Symbol-digit modalities test is used to assess attention, which reveals that he has no cognitive difficulties (writing, speech/visual), except difficulties in recollecting information (Kiely, 2014). The d2-test for attention shows that he is attentive to his therapists (selective attention) but forgets all the recent information (no sustained attention) if not recorded (Mastin, 2010). His finger-tapping and grip-strength test shows that he has mild tremors while writing but was able to write. Token-test, controlled-oral word-association and Boston-naming test shows that his receptive as well as expressive language is normal and clock-drawing and Rey-figure test shows that he has good visual-spatial organization. Halstead-Reiten Neuro-psychological Battery shows that his visual, auditory with tactile aspects are normal. WAIS scale shows that he is moderately intelligent man and is able to perform activities. Wechsler-memory scale and Rey-auditory verbal-learning test indicates that his declarative memory was severely affected but his procedural memory remains intact. Test for higher-order cognitional processes suggests that he has mild difficulty in solving problem but has self-monitoring with self-regulatory skills. He has good adaptive skills. Beck depression-inventory and depression-anxiety stress scale indicates that he has mild depression. He was given with drug citalopram for seven days to reduce his depressive features. Now he is on psychotherapy to overcome his depression. Impact of Anterograde Amnesia on Jeremys Life Jeremys anterograde amnesia has affected his day-to-day activities severely. He has inability to develop shorter-term memories and hence unable to recollect memories. The most terrible thing is that he is unable to add newer information that makes him to live from moment to moment existence. But he lives alone courageously by micro-tape recording or noting the information in a journal including breakfast, phone numbers, etc. He has changed his profession from Lawyer to furniture crafting as it suits his impairment. He manages with his old memories and his procedural memories though his declarative memory has affected (Kipps, 2005). Jeremy carries out all his daily activities by noting down all the moments and executing it. He notes down the therapy sessions to proceed with it. Rehabilitation Jeremy was rehabilitated by multi-disciplinary neuro-psychologist by counselling and helping him to cope with deficits. Physical-therapists have trained him to promote motor control, strength and balance with coordination. Occupational-therapists have trained him to improve sensori-motor functioning, daily-activities and work-based skills. Psychotherapy was given to cope with impairment and adjust with it. He was assisted to use compensatory strategies as computers, typed-notes and beepers to aid in performing activities. He was demonstrated about environmental-adaptation methods as compensatory-technique education to train, organizational-techniques, visual-imagery with verbal-labelling. Other techniques as implicit-tasks, speech with mnemotechnics were used (Gordon,2006). He was advised to use external reminders to facilitate skill acquisition (De-Guise,2005). He was helped with cognitive re-mediation to substitute and restore his impaired function and was given with familiar tasks to improve his performance (Wixted, 2010). Reference De-Guise. (2005) Effect of an integrated reality orientation programme in acute care on post-traumatic amnesia in patients with traumatic brain injury, Brain Injury. 19, pp. 353-362. Gordon, W.Aet al.(2006) Traumatic Brain injury Rehabilitation. State of the Science, American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 85, pp. 343-382. Kiely. (2014)The Symbol Digit Modalities Test: Normative Data from a Large Nationally Representative Sample of Australians, Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 29 (8), pp. 767-775 Kipps, C.M. (2005) Cognitive Assessment For Clinicians, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 76(1), pp. i22i30. Available from https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/76/suppl_1/i22.full.pdf [Accessed 18/04/17] Mastin, L. (2010) Human memory. Available from https://www.human-memory.net/disorders_anterograde.html [Accessed 18/04/17] Sherer, M. (2014) Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Traumatic Brain Injury. Available from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1493907840 [Accessed 18/04/17] Squire, L.R. Wixted, J.T. (2011) The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Memory, Annu Rev Neurosci. 34, pp. 259288. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113720 [Accessed 18/04/17] Wixted, J.T. (2010) The role of the human hippocampus in familiarity- based and recollection-based recognition memory, Behav. Brain Res. 215(2), pp. 197-208. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.04.020 [Accessed 18/04/17]

Chile Essay Example For Students

Chile Essay Introduction Chile is a republic located in southwestern South America. On the north side of Chile lies Peru, to the east is Bolivia and Argentina, and on the south Peru is bounded by the Pacific Ocean. The Archipelagoes Islands extend along the southern coast of Chile from Chiloe Island to Cape Horn. Among these islands are the Chonos Archipelago, Wellington Island, and the western portion of Tierra del Fuego. Some other islands that belong to Chile include the Juan Fernandez Islands, Easter Island, and Sala y Gomez. All of these islands lie in the South Pacific. Chile also happens to claim a section of Antarctica. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago. Land and Resources The most dominant physical feature in Chile are the Andes Mountains, which extend the entire length of the country, from the Bolivian plateau in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south. PHYSICAL REGIONS Chile can be divided in to three topographic zones: the lofty Andean cordillera on the east; the l ow coastal mountains on the west; and the plateau area, which includes the Central Valley, between these ranges. Three major geographical and climatological regions can be distinguished: the northern (arid), central (Mediterranean), and southern (temperate marine) regions. The ranges of the Andes are the widest in the northern region. This forms broad plateaus that contain the countrys highest peak, Ojos del Salado, which is located on the border with Argentina. The plateau area is occupied by the great Atacama Desert, which contains vast nitrate fields and rich mineral deposits. In the central region the plateau gives way to a valley, known as the Central valley. The valley, which ranges form 40 to 80 km (25 to 50 mi) in width, is the most heavily populated area of the country. The fertile area between the Aconcagua and Biobio rivers forms the agricultural heartland of Chile. The central Andes are narrower in width and have lower elevation that those in the north. The most importan t passes in the Andes are located here. The countrys finest natural harbors are located in this region. The southern region is without an interior valley; it disappears below the sea at Puerto Montt. Peaks of the submerged coastal mountains form the long chains of islands along the coast. Chile lies in a zone of geologic instability and is subject to earthquakes and volcanic activity. RIVERS AND LAKES The many rivers of Chile are relatively short, generally rising in the Andes and flowing west to the Pacific. In the northern and central regions primarily the snow feeds the rivers from the Andes. The most important rivers are the Loa, Elqui, Aconcagua, Maipo, Muale, Biobio, and Imperial. The rivers are vital for the irrigation waters and hydroelectric power they furnish. Many of Chiles major lakes, including Lake Llanquihue, are concentrated in the scenic district of the southern region CLIMATE Because of its great latitudinal range, Chile has a diversity of climates. In general, tem peratures are controlled by oceanic influences. The northern region is almost entirely desert and is one of the driest areas in the world. Temperatures are moderated by the off shore presence of the cold Peru Current. The average temperatures in the northern region are around 70 (degrees F) in January and around 50 degrees in July. In the middle region, around Santiago, the average temperature ranges from 54 to 85 in January and 38 to 58 in July. The central region experiences a Mediterranean-like climate. The southern region is cooler and experiences year-round rainfall, much of it comes in the form snow. Here, strong winds and cyclonic storms are common. VEGETATION The indigenous plant life of Chile varies according to climatic zone. The northern region has few varieties of vegetation. It is one of the Earths best examples of absolute desert, producing only brambles and cacti. The more humid Central Valley yields several different types of cacti, grasses, and the Chilean pine, whi ch bears edible nuts. In the southern part of Chile, dense rain forests containing laurel, magnolia, false beech, and various species of conifers can be found. In the very southern part of Chile, a steppe vegetation of grasses is found. MINERAL RESOURCES Chile is rich in mineral resources, chiefly because of the size of the deposits rather that because of the diversity of minerals. Copper is by far the most important mineral. Others include nitrates, iron ore, coal, petroleum and natural gas, silver, and gold. Economy The Chilean economy has been dominated by the production of copper. Chile is one of the leading industrial nations in Latin America as well as one of its largest mineral producers. The government used to be very involved in the economy. Chiles estimated gross domestic product (GDP) in 1998 was $78.7 billion. All of the products that Chile exports would be called tertiary activities because they are business and labor specialties (268). Chile has a commercial economy. P roducers freely market their goods and services (270). AGRICULTURE About 14 percent of the labor force of Chile is engaged in Mediterranean agriculture, forestry, and fishing. This sector amounts to about 15 percent of the GDP (271). This would make it a primary activity, or harvesting or extracting something from the earth (268). Except for sheep raising, conducted in the far south, the bulk of Chiles agricultural activity is concentrated in the Central Valley. While only 3 percent of Chiles land area is currently under cultivation, agricultural production doubled from the early 1980s to the 1990s. Chile exports more than twice the amount of agricultural products it imports. While the share of land devoted to export crop such as fruit and vegetables is increasing, about half of all the farms still raise wheat. Grapes and apples, vegetables root crops such as sugar beets and potatoes, and maize are the leading crops in Chile. This country is the largest exporter of fruits in the Sou thern Hemisphere, sending much of its crops to North America. Chile also has a very significant wine making industry. Sheep are raised in large numbers in the Tierra del Fuego and the Magellans regions of Chilean Patagonia. As a whole, the country had around 4 million head of sheep in 1999. Other livestock include over 4 million head of cattle, 2 million pigs, and close to 600,000 horses. FORESTRY AND FISHING Forests cover about 10.5 percent of Chiles land area. Some 23.5 million cubic meters of timber was cut in 1998. Output consists of both hardwoods (such as laurel) and softwoods (such as pine). Lumber, pulp, and paper are made from the annual timber cut. In the early 1990s, the forestry industry accounted for more than 6 percent of annual exports. Chile has on of the largest fishing industries in South America. A catch of 7.6 million metric tons was taken in the countrys rich fishing waters in 1998. Principal species include mackerel, anchovy, sardine, and herring. Processing pl ants pack much of the fish catch for distribution. Forestry and fishing are also primary activities because they harvest or extract something from the earth (267). MINING Mining continues to play a critical role in Chiles economy. Chile has some of the worlds largest known copper deposits and is the worlds leading producer of this metal. Copper is the leading export, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all annual exports by value. Petroleum and natural gas are extracted on Tierra del Fuego and in the Straight of Magellan. Iron ore is the countrys other leading mineral product. Chile also has large deposits of nitrates, iodine, sulfur, and coal. Mining of any of these deposits would be known as secondary activities because of the way the metals change their form and are converted into something more useful (268, 314). MANUFACTURING The manufacturing sector contributes to 30 percent of Chiles annual national output. It is largely base on the refining and processing of the countrys min eral, agricultural, and forestry resources. Chile is a major producer of steel. Copper is also refined, and the several oil refineries use both domestic and imported petroleum. Other important manufactures include food products, cement, pulp and paper products, textiles (cotton, wool, and synthetics), tobacco products, glass, chemicals, refined sugar, and electronic equipment. Automobile assembly is also important. The bulk of all this manufacturing is located near Santiago and Valparaiso. Concepcion is the other major industrial center. ENERGY The electricity-generating plants in Chile produced 28.7 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity in 1998. The fast-flowing rivers that descend from the Andes and the coastal ranges are potentially rich sources of hydroelectric power. Major efforts have been made to harness this potential, and by 1998 about 52 percent of Chiles energy was generated from waterpower. TRANSPORTATION Chile has a network of about 49,000 miles of roads. Only 14 percen t are paved. Railroad lines total over 1500 miles in length and are confined to the northern two-thirds of the country. Spur lines to important coastal towns connect the main north-south system. Because of the difficult terrain, many coastal cities rely on water transportation from various ports including Valparaiso, Antofagasta, and Punta Arenas. There are also important international airports located near Santiago, and Arica. Conclusion Chile is a country that is developing very quickly and therefore is in demand when exporting the goods that are produced here are taken into account. All of the factors presented have the same developing relationship. The increase in skills, knowledge, communication, and population are what make this economy grow. Works Cited Fellmann, Getis, and Getis. Human Geography, Sixth Edition, Updated Edition. McGraw Hill. New York, 2001. Hudson, Espendhade. Goodes World Atlas, 20th Edition. Rand McNally, 2000. .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 , .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 .postImageUrl , .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 , .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10:hover , .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10:visited , .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10:active { border:0!important; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10:active , .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10 .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua8dd1db47768c7feb306a0dc8dbc6e10:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Antigone7 Essay